exfo toner

I use my exfoliating toner with or without cotton pads. But when I use cotton pads I stay gentle, I don't rub my skin. ALSO, very important, I use it only at night, followed by an hydrating essence and/or serum. AND I don't use it every night. maybe your toner is too harsh for you? what exfo toner are you using? it would be helpful if we knew what toner you are using. as well as your entire routine.

Agree with @FrenchyPeach19. I found the attached toner to be very gentle. Also, if your skin barrier is compromised, then even a gentle exfoliating toner would irritate your skin so look out for that as well!

It could either be a case of purging or overexfoliation or that the product just doesn't agree with your skin. You can use it both with cotton pads and directly using your hands. Both ways are fine but make sure to properly hydrate and moisturize your skin after and use sunscreen in the day time.

with cotton pad, but remember to wipes it gently..

It could also be a result of other products in your routine. When I used exfoliating toner twice weekly & retinol twice weekly too, (different nights!), I had huge zits. Possibly my then retinol serum didn't agree with my skin or I was using too many exfoliating products. When I cut down to using exfo toner once a week & changed to another retinol serum, my skin improved lots.